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Public Utility Advisory Services BWMQ advises clients across a wide range of economic and regulatory subjects helping to guide decision-making prior to Commission filings and acquisitions. Cost-Based Rates Brown Williams can assist in the development of fully allocated rate models which bring together the myriad of costs into a single interrelated cost and revenue study suitable for section 4 filings and section 5 responses. Some areas include: Establishing Rate Base Allocation and Rate Design Setting Return on Equity Calculating Cost of Debt Estimating Terminal Decommissioning Setting Depreciation Rates Deriving Corporate Taxes Functionalizing Costs Market-Based Rates To gain FERC approval to charge market-based rates, an applicant must file a detailed market power study demonstrating that it lacks market power and that its customers have sufficient alternatives or that it can mitigate its market power. BWMQ has been at the forefront of market-based rate design and participated in litigated FERC proceedings involving market-based rate applications for both pipelines and storage facilities. BWMQ can provide an initial market power study to help the client determine whether it is likely that market-based rates can be justified, and follow through with the documentation and persuasive reports to support its client’s needs. Natural Gas Storage & Hub Services Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation Services Natural Gas Liquids Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Rates BWMQ has wide experience in all facets of crude oil and refined product pipelines rate matters, including cost of service, rate design, federal and state taxes, and prudency issues. Annual Indexing Cost of Service Oil Ratemaking Methodologies Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Trended Original Cost Intrastate Filings BWMQ supports intrastate entities seeking to provide interstate transportation and/or storage services using either state-approved rates or cost of service rates. Hinsaw Pipeliens Statement of Operating Conditions Intrastate Applications Electric Transmission Rates BWMQ assists clients working under RTO, ISO, or TRANSCO structures to craft tariff provisions, develop transmission pricing parameters, and power sales. Congestion Management Zonal/Grid Rates Ancillary Services Revenue Allocations Grid Expansion Costs Treatment of Pre-Exiting Agreements

Highlighted Services Although BWMQ offers clients a variety of services and guidance, some of our most popular services include: Cost-Based Rates Brown Williams can assist in the development of fully allocated rate models which bring together the myriad of costs into a single interrelated cost and revenue study suitable for section 4 filings and section 5 responses. Some areas include: Establishing Rate Base Allocation and Rate Design Setting Return on Equity Calculating Cost of Debt Estimating Terminal Decommissioning Setting Depreciation Rates Deriving Corporate Taxes Functionalizing Costs Market-Based Rates To gain FERC approval to charge market-based rates, an applicant must file a detailed market power study demonstrating that it lacks market power and that its customers have sufficient alternatives or that it can mitigate its market power. BWMQ has been at the forefront of market-based rate design and participated in litigated FERC proceedings involving market-based rate applications for both pipelines and storage facilities. BWMQ can provide an initial market power study to help the client determine whether it is likely that market-based rates can be justified, and follow through with the documentation and persuasive reports to support its client’s needs. Natural Gas Storage & Hub Services Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation Services Natural Gas Liquids Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Rates BWMQ has wide experience in all facets of crude oil and refined product pipelines rate matters, including cost of service, rate design, federal and state taxes, and prudency issues. Annual Indexing Cost of Service Oil Ratemaking Methodologies Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Trended Original Cost Intrastate Filings BWMQ supports intrastate entities seeking to provide interstate transportation and/or storage services using either state-approved rates or cost of service rates. Hinsaw Pipeliens Statement of Operating Conditions Intrastate Applications Electric Transmission Rates BWMQ assists clients working under RTO, ISO, or TRANSCO structures to craft tariff provisions, develop transmission pricing parameters, and power sales. Congestion Management Zonal/Grid Rates Ancillary Services Revenue Allocations Grid Expansion Costs Treatment of Pre-Exiting Agreements

consultants Officers David J. Haag PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER View Bio Vice Presidents Alan R. Lovinger, V.P. MBA ACCOUNTING View Bio Steven R. Fall, V.P. CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATOR View Bio Alex Kirk, V.P. MATHEMATICIAN ECONOMIST View Bio Kevin H. Lange, V.P. PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER View Bio Associates Patrick R. Crowley, V.P. ECONOMIST View Bio Barry E. Sullivan ECONOMIST View Bio Garry A. Grasso, V.P. ECONOMIST View Bio Miriam Swydan Erickson DIRECTOR, GOVERNMENT RELATIONS View Bio James (Jim) Guest CPA ACCOUNTANT View Bio Teresa C. Douglas RESEARCH ANALYST eTARIFF MANAGER View Bio

Steven R. Fall Vice President Brown, Williams, Moorhead & Quinn, Inc. is pleased to announce that Mr. Steven R. Fall has joined BWMQ as a Vice President as of October 2, 2017. Mr. Fall will concentrate on terminal negative salvage analysis and pipeline operations. ​ Mr. Fall comes to BWMQ with a background in large scale construction and project management. Mr. Fall was Project Engineer for Anchor Construction Corporation of Washington, DC., which specializes in major underground utility construction projects. Mr. Fall coordinated the underground utilities operated by DC's Department of Transportation, Washington Gas, PEPCO, Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, and the National Park Service. ​ Mr. Fall's hands-on project management included phasing and crew assignments, calculating timing sequences for equipment requirements, establishing performance standards, monitoring project progress, negotiating change order pricing and inspecting project designs, activities, and completion of performance. ​ Mr. Fall's green infrastructure expertise includes the Washington, DC Klingle Valley Trail restoration project, which included bio-swales, bio-retention structures, and permeable pavements. Mr. Fall coordinated compliance activities regarding up-to-date construction site restoration requirements. ​ Mr. Fall was most recently a Project Manager at the DC Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs, where he handled high impact projects regarding regulatory compliance. Mr. Fall coordinated council members, property owners, private contractors, and city construction inspectors in bringing on-going construction projects into compliance with building regulations and codes. ​ Mr. Fall graduated from Pennsylvania State University in 1999 with a Bachelor of Science in Biology and a minor in chemistry. Mr. Fall is a member of the National Utility Contractors Association. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

David J. Haag President and Chief Executive Officer David J. Haag is highly regarded in the natural gas pipeline industry as a pipeline cost of service, rate design, tariff, and regulatory expert. Mr. Haag brings to the role of CEO his extensive experience dealing with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, including the management of numerous complex rate case filings, market-based rate studies, certificate filings, compliance filings, as well as gas pipeline and storage tariff filings. ​ Mr. Haag is well versed in Government, Public, and Stakeholder Relations, and maintains established relationships with various industry trade associations, including the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America and the Association of Oil Pipelines, that will be enhanced as the CEO of BWMQ. ​ Mr. Haag is also seasoned in the analysis of complex commercial, financial, and regulatory matters related to pipelines and storage, and will be able to assist with regulatory oversight for ongoing operations, new projects, acquisitions, mergers, and divestitures. ​ Finally, Mr. Haag is experienced in the management of oil pipeline tariffs under the Interstate Commerce Act, including the requisite depreciation and underlying cost of service issues pertaining to oil and products pipelines. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

Gary A. Grasso Economist Gary has over 45 years of experience in providing technical and policy assistance to various segments of the energy industry on project evaluation and rate and regulatory matters. The focus of his expertise is in the oil, natural gas, and electric power industries, and he has extensive experience in the oil pipeline ratemaking arena. Mr. Grasso has a strong quantitative and analytical background and has focused on cost-of-service ratemaking and policy issues, market-power analysis, depreciation studies, and due diligence projects, among other areas. ​ Mr. Grasso also has provided extensive litigation support and expert testimony for clients before state and federal regulatory commissions and courts. He has provided expert testimony and has been cross-examined on oil pipeline rate and policy matters before the Federal Regulatory Energy Commission and State regulatory commissions. He has also provided expert reports and oral testimony on ad valorem tax matters, specifically addressing cost of service matters as they relate to the income approach to pipeline valuation. ​ Through his participation in regulatory cases, Mr. Grasso has provided strong support in developing, writing and reviewing discovery matters, and has extensive rate modeling experience in developing support for cost of service cases. He also has participated in many settlement and mediation negotiations in oil and natural gas cases, utilizing his analytical skills to support clients in addressing complex problems to achieve desirable outcomes. His work on various oil pipeline cases in Alaska since the 1990s to date has been instrumental in developing today's regulatory cost of service paradigm in the State, and his work at the Alaska State and Federal level was instrumental in implementing a new cost of service methodology for developing rates on the Trans Alaska Pipeline System. ​ Mr. Grasso has a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from George Mason University. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

About BWMQ Brown, Williams, Moorhead & Quinn, Inc. (BWMQ) is a nationally recognized energy consulting firm. We offer technical, economic, and policy assistance to the various segments of the natural gas pipeline industry, oil pipeline industry and electric utility industry on business and regulatory matters. ​ BWMQ provides clients with technical litigation support covering a wide range of economic and rate-making issues facing market participants in all energy transmission industries. Our consultants’ years of experience in rate design, economic analysis, depreciation, terminal decommissioning, tax allowance, and market analysis, bring clients the expert guidance they need to succeed in certificate proceedings, litigated rate cases, market explorations, and compliance filings. Brown Williams has been a trusted name in energy litigation for over thirty years.

Public Utility Filing Services BWMQ provides its clients assistance with making regulatory filings, compliance with FERC regulations, and offers training. Cost-Based Rates Brown Williams can assist in the development of fully allocated rate models which bring together the myriad of costs into a single interrelated cost and revenue study suitable for section 4 filings and section 5 responses. Some areas include: Establishing Rate Base Allocation and Rate Design Setting Return on Equity Calculating Cost of Debt Estimating Terminal Decommissioning Setting Depreciation Rates Deriving Corporate Taxes Functionalizing Costs Market-Based Rates To gain FERC approval to charge market-based rates, an applicant must file a detailed market power study demonstrating that it lacks market power and that its customers have sufficient alternatives or that it can mitigate its market power. BWMQ has been at the forefront of market-based rate design and participated in litigated FERC proceedings involving market-based rate applications for both pipelines and storage facilities. BWMQ can provide an initial market power study to help the client determine whether it is likely that market-based rates can be justified, and follow through with the documentation and persuasive reports to support its client’s needs. Natural Gas Storage & Hub Services Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation Services Natural Gas Liquids Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Rates BWMQ has wide experience in all facets of crude oil and refined product pipelines rate matters, including cost of service, rate design, federal and state taxes, and prudency issues. Annual Indexing Cost of Service Oil Ratemaking Methodologies Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Trended Original Cost Intrastate Filings BWMQ supports intrastate entities seeking to provide interstate transportation and/or storage services using either state-approved rates or cost of service rates. Hinsaw Pipeliens Statement of Operating Conditions Intrastate Applications Electric Transmission Rates BWMQ assists clients working under RTO, ISO, or TRANSCO structures to craft tariff provisions, develop transmission pricing parameters, and power sales. Congestion Management Zonal/Grid Rates Ancillary Services Revenue Allocations Grid Expansion Costs Treatment of Pre-Exiting Agreements

Public Utility Rate Regulation BWMQ advises clients regarding the complex arena of regulatory policies and procedures in the development of cost-based rates, market-based rates, tariff provisions, asset acquisitions, depreciation & negative salvage rates, terminal decommissioning rates, and tax allowances. Cost-Based Rates Brown Williams can assist in the development of fully allocated rate models which bring together the myriad of costs into a single interrelated cost and revenue study suitable for section 4 filings and section 5 responses. Some areas include: Establishing Rate Base Allocation and Rate Design Setting Return on Equity Calculating Cost of Debt Estimating Terminal Decommissioning Setting Depreciation Rates Deriving Corporate Taxes Functionalizing Costs Market-Based Rates To gain FERC approval to charge market-based rates, an applicant must file a detailed market power study demonstrating that it lacks market power and that its customers have sufficient alternatives or that it can mitigate its market power. BWMQ has been at the forefront of market-based rate design and participated in litigated FERC proceedings involving market-based rate applications for both pipelines and storage facilities. BWMQ can provide an initial market power study to help the client determine whether it is likely that market-based rates can be justified, and follow through with the documentation and persuasive reports to support its client’s needs. Natural Gas Storage & Hub Services Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation Services Natural Gas Liquids Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Rates BWMQ has wide experience in all facets of crude oil and refined product pipelines rate matters, including cost of service, rate design, federal and state taxes, and prudency issues. Annual Indexing Cost of Service Oil Ratemaking Methodologies Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Trended Original Cost Intrastate Filings BWMQ supports intrastate entities seeking to provide interstate transportation and/or storage services using either state-approved rates or cost of service rates. Hinsaw Pipeliens Statement of Operating Conditions Intrastate Applications Electric Transmission Rates BWMQ assists clients working under RTO, ISO, or TRANSCO structures to craft tariff provisions, develop transmission pricing parameters, and power sales. Congestion Management Zonal/Grid Rates Ancillary Services Revenue Allocations Grid Expansion Costs Treatment of Pre-Exiting Agreements

Barry E. Sullivan Economist Mr. Sullivan joined BWMQ in September 2005. He was elected President of BWMQ in April 2006 and CEO in March 2015. At the end of 2019, Mr. Sullivan made the decision to retire his position and become an Associate. He will be available for consultation on an as needed basis. Mr. Sullivan’s recent work as an expert witness before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and Canadian National Energy Board has concerned the following issues: market power and market-based rates in oil and natural gas pipeline proceedings, natural gas pipeline rate design, short-term rate design, return on equity, the appropriate Proxy Group companies utilized in return on equity studies, business risk of natural gas pipeline companies, oil pipeline ratemaking and prudent cost recovery, and economic life, depreciation and negative salvage studies for natural gas and oil pipeline companies in formal FERC rate case proceedings. ​ Mr. Sullivan’s most recent filed testimonies are in the Enable MRT - Docket No. RP18-923, Trailblazer - Docket No. RP18-922, and Empire - Docket No. RP18-940 proceedings and MoGas proceeding in Docket No. RP18-877. Mr. Sullivan's testimony concerned business risk, rate design, tariff issues and the Proxy Group companies. Testimony in the Eastern Shore Proceeding in Docket No. RP17-363, concerned rate design, business risk and the Proxy Group companies; his testimony in Dominion Cove Point in Docket No. RP17-197 concerned the Proxy Group companies and business risk; his testimony in the Great Lakes proceeding in Docket No. RP17-598 concerned the Proxy Group companies and business risk; his testimony in the TIGT proceeding in Docket No. RP16-137 concerned rate design, business risk and the Proxy Group companies; his testimony in the Alliance proceeding in Docket No. RP15-1022 concerns return, business risk and the Proxy Group companies; testimony in the Sabine proceeding in Docket No. RP15-1322 involved rate design and billing determinants; testimony in the Gulf South proceeding, Docket No. RP15-65, concerns rate design, business risk and the Proxy Group entities. Testimony in the ANR Storage proceeding in Docket No. RP12-479 concerned market power and market-based pricing authority for ANR storage facilities; testimony in CenterPoint in Docket No. RP12-955, and Southern Star in RP13-941 concerned Proxy Group companies, business risk and rate design issues; TAPS testimony in Docket No. IS09-348 on prudent cost recovery and oil pipeline rates; CGT testimony in Docket No. RP11-1435 concerned rate design, short-term rates and business risk; PNGTS testimony in Docket Nos. RP10-729 and RP08-306 concerned economic life, depreciation, short-term rates, and the Proxy Group companies. Mr. Sullivan filed testimony in support of El Paso’s rate design in Docket No. RP10-1398; market power in the Mobil Pipe Line Company proceeding in Docket No. OR07-21; the Proxy Group companies included in return calculations in the Southern Natural proceeding in Docket No. RP09-427; short-term value-based rates, FERC cost allocation and rate design history, and discounting in the El Paso proceedings in Docket No. RP08-426; Commission policy and market power in the GTN proceeding in Docket No. RP06-407, an expert report in the USGen proceeding in Docket No. RP06-391, and oil pipeline ratemaking testimony in the TAPS proceeding in Docket No. IS05-82. ​ Mr. Sullivan has 38 years of experience in the natural gas pipeline, oil pipeline and electric utility industries. His areas of expertise include formal market power analysis and all facets of natural gas and oil pipeline ratemaking. He has testified as an expert witness on economic life, depreciation, cost classification, cost allocation, rate design, billing determinants, market power, market-based rates, market manipulation and other rate-related issues in numerous natural gas pipeline proceedings, oil pipeline proceedings, and electric proceedings. ​ Mr. Sullivan was employed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission from March 1979 to September 2005. He retired as a Supervisor in the Technical Analysis Division of the Office of Administrative Litigation. Mr. Sullivan was a technical expert for the entire 26 years he was at the Commission and provided testimony in many formal proceedings. The areas of his expertise included: formal market power analysis, market based rates, cost allocation and rate design, oil pipeline regulation, electric utility regulation, depreciation, Mcf/mileage studies, refunctionalization studies, offshore regulation, negotiated rates, discount studies, and other regulatory issues. Mr. Sullivan has applied his expertise relating to natural gas pipeline, oil pipeline and electric utility issues in a wide range of formal proceedings at the Commission. He has developed many creative and innovative approaches to deal with these and related issues in administrative proceedings at the Commission. As a Supervisor in the Office of Administrative Litigation, Mr. Sullivan supervised, initiated, directed and coordinated the preparation and presentation of the Commission’s technical Trial Staff’s settlement and testimony position on all matters set for formal hearing in natural gas pipeline, oil pipeline and electric utility proceedings. These issues include formal market power analysis, market based rates, rate design; seasonal rates; distance based rates; separation of services (unbundling); discounting; capacity release; capacity assignments; interruptible transportation rates; storage rate design; refunctionalization studies; stranded costs; restructuring issues; incremental versus rolled-in rates; depreciation and negative salvage; cost of service and rate base issues; oil pipeline rates; tariffs and operational issues; and the resolution of contract disputes. Mr. Sullivan has testified as an expert witness on market power and market based rates, cost classification, allocation and rate design, billing determinants, depreciation, and other rate related issues in numerous natural gas rate proceedings, oil pipeline proceedings and electric proceedings. He has been responsible for various presentations to FERC Commissioners on such topics as Offshore Gathering Policy, Negotiated Rates and Discounting, Enron and Manipulation of the Western Energy Markets in 2000-2001, and Section 5 rate case proceedings. ​ Mr. Sullivan has a BA with Honors in Economics from the University of Massachusetts at Boston, and attended one year of graduate Economics at the University of York, England. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

Robert J. Cupina Petroleum Engineer Robert J. (Rob) Cupina has joined Brown, Williams, Moorhead & Quinn, Inc. after a distinguished 36-year career at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the Federal Power Commission. ​ Mr. Cupina was the Principal Deputy Director of the Office of Energy Projects from 2001 to 2009. He directed a staff of 330 engineers and physical scientists responsible for processing applications for the construction and operation of natural gas pipeline and storage facilities for interstate and foreign commerce, including liquefied natural gas (LNG), and licenses for non-federal hydroelectric projects, as well as managing the license compliance and dam safety programs and the supplemental siting authority for interstate electric transmission facilities under EPAct 2005. Mr. Cupina's many major energy infrastructure accomplishments include: issuing an open season rule as a prerequisite to an Alaska natural gas pipeline, significant expansion of LNG terminals and the interstate pipeline grid, rules for electric transmission siting and creation of the infrastructure policy group and the hydrokinetics program. ​ Mr. Cupina was the Director of the Division of Tariffs and Rates - Central in the Office of Markets, Tariffs and Rates in 2000 to 2001. He directed a staff of 75 economists, accountants and engineers responsible for analyzing filings for rates and services by electric utilities for the transmission of electric energy and by natural gas pipeline companies for the transportation of natural gas. The Central Region included the Midwestern U.S. and the offshore Gulf of Mexico. His major concentration at the time was organizing a new Office and implementing Order No. 2000 to establish regional transmission organizations (RTOs) and Independent System Operators (ISOs). ​ Mr. Cupina also served as the Deputy Director of the Office of Pipeline Regulation from 1989 to 1999, where he directed a staff of 170 regulatory professionals responsible for siting natural gas pipeline, LNG and storage infrastructure and analyzing the operators' rates and terms and conditions of service. His major accomplishments include pipeline expansions to California and the Northeast and issuing and implementing Order No. 636 to restructure the gas industry. ​ Mr. Cupina is thoroughly familiar with the Commission's licensing and certification process improvements embodied in the Integrated Licensing Process (ILP) for hydroelectric projects and the Pre-Filing Process (PF) for natural gas and electric transmission projects. They are based on three essential components: early identification and resolution of issues by stakeholders, coincident rather than sequential action by the myriad agencies involved using a single administrative record, and meeting specific, predictable milestones and overall processing timeframes. Compared to the traditional approaches, these processes place a premium on flexibility and collaboration. Mr. Cupina has been a tireless advocate for expediting the process and enhancing the quality of deliverables throughout his career. ​ Mr. Cupina educational background includes: MPA Public Management, George Mason University BS Technology Management, University of Maryland SMG, Harvard Kennedy School of Government Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Pennsylvania State University CV and Summary of Testimony Experience