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Patrick R. Crowley Economist Patrick Crowley is a regulatory energy consultant with over 40 years experience as an economist and expert witness in energy litigation as an independent consultant and an analyst with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in Washington, D.C. Mr. Crowley established Crowley Energy Consulting in 2007, offering technical analysis and expert testimony in energy litigation involving natural gas pipeline, oil pipeline, and electric transmission matters before federal and state regulatory commissions. ​ As a private consultant, Mr. Crowley provided cost of service studies, depreciation studies, rate design models, and comparative cost studies for numerous clients. Mr. Crowley prepared and filed written testimony, affidavits, and comments before FERC, and provided oral testimony supporting his filed positions in numerous rate case proceedings. ​ While an employee at FERC, Mr. Crowley filed written testimony and was cross-examined in numerous rate case proceedings, participated in hundreds of settlement negotiations, prepared and reviewed discovery for litigation, prepared and filed supporting exhibits and documentation in litigated rate cases, and led multi-disciplinary teams in rate case analysis and the investigation of energy market abuses. ​ Mr. Crowley graduated from DePaul University in Chicago with a Bachelor of Arts in economics in 1976 and a Master of Arts in mathematical economics in 1978. He joined the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in 1979. He held various positions within the FERC, gaining proficiency at long-term natural resource discovery & production forecasting, actuarial analysis of physical plant life span expectancies, depreciation accounting, regulatory cost-of-service rate making, rate base composition, cost allocation methodologies, partnership income tax allowance, energy market bidding platforms and strategies, pipeline rate design, master limited partnership income allocation structures, market power analysis, and market anomalies investigation. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

David J. Haag President and Chief Executive Officer David J. Haag is highly regarded in the natural gas pipeline industry as a pipeline cost of service, rate design, tariff, and regulatory expert. Mr. Haag brings to the role of CEO his extensive experience dealing with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, including the management of numerous complex rate case filings, market-based rate studies, certificate filings, compliance filings, as well as gas pipeline and storage tariff filings. ​ Mr. Haag is well versed in Government, Public, and Stakeholder Relations, and maintains established relationships with various industry trade associations, including the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America and the Association of Oil Pipelines, that will be enhanced as the CEO of BWMQ. ​ Mr. Haag is also seasoned in the analysis of complex commercial, financial, and regulatory matters related to pipelines and storage, and will be able to assist with regulatory oversight for ongoing operations, new projects, acquisitions, mergers, and divestitures. ​ Finally, Mr. Haag is experienced in the management of oil pipeline tariffs under the Interstate Commerce Act, including the requisite depreciation and underlying cost of service issues pertaining to oil and products pipelines. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

Gary A. Grasso Economist Gary has over 45 years of experience in providing technical and policy assistance to various segments of the energy industry on project evaluation and rate and regulatory matters. The focus of his expertise is in the oil, natural gas, and electric power industries, and he has extensive experience in the oil pipeline ratemaking arena. Mr. Grasso has a strong quantitative and analytical background and has focused on cost-of-service ratemaking and policy issues, market-power analysis, depreciation studies, and due diligence projects, among other areas. ​ Mr. Grasso also has provided extensive litigation support and expert testimony for clients before state and federal regulatory commissions and courts. He has provided expert testimony and has been cross-examined on oil pipeline rate and policy matters before the Federal Regulatory Energy Commission and State regulatory commissions. He has also provided expert reports and oral testimony on ad valorem tax matters, specifically addressing cost of service matters as they relate to the income approach to pipeline valuation. ​ Through his participation in regulatory cases, Mr. Grasso has provided strong support in developing, writing and reviewing discovery matters, and has extensive rate modeling experience in developing support for cost of service cases. He also has participated in many settlement and mediation negotiations in oil and natural gas cases, utilizing his analytical skills to support clients in addressing complex problems to achieve desirable outcomes. His work on various oil pipeline cases in Alaska since the 1990s to date has been instrumental in developing today's regulatory cost of service paradigm in the State, and his work at the Alaska State and Federal level was instrumental in implementing a new cost of service methodology for developing rates on the Trans Alaska Pipeline System. ​ Mr. Grasso has a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from George Mason University. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

Robert J. Cupina Petroleum Engineer Robert J. (Rob) Cupina has joined Brown, Williams, Moorhead & Quinn, Inc. after a distinguished 36-year career at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the Federal Power Commission. ​ Mr. Cupina was the Principal Deputy Director of the Office of Energy Projects from 2001 to 2009. He directed a staff of 330 engineers and physical scientists responsible for processing applications for the construction and operation of natural gas pipeline and storage facilities for interstate and foreign commerce, including liquefied natural gas (LNG), and licenses for non-federal hydroelectric projects, as well as managing the license compliance and dam safety programs and the supplemental siting authority for interstate electric transmission facilities under EPAct 2005. Mr. Cupina's many major energy infrastructure accomplishments include: issuing an open season rule as a prerequisite to an Alaska natural gas pipeline, significant expansion of LNG terminals and the interstate pipeline grid, rules for electric transmission siting and creation of the infrastructure policy group and the hydrokinetics program. ​ Mr. Cupina was the Director of the Division of Tariffs and Rates - Central in the Office of Markets, Tariffs and Rates in 2000 to 2001. He directed a staff of 75 economists, accountants and engineers responsible for analyzing filings for rates and services by electric utilities for the transmission of electric energy and by natural gas pipeline companies for the transportation of natural gas. The Central Region included the Midwestern U.S. and the offshore Gulf of Mexico. His major concentration at the time was organizing a new Office and implementing Order No. 2000 to establish regional transmission organizations (RTOs) and Independent System Operators (ISOs). ​ Mr. Cupina also served as the Deputy Director of the Office of Pipeline Regulation from 1989 to 1999, where he directed a staff of 170 regulatory professionals responsible for siting natural gas pipeline, LNG and storage infrastructure and analyzing the operators' rates and terms and conditions of service. His major accomplishments include pipeline expansions to California and the Northeast and issuing and implementing Order No. 636 to restructure the gas industry. ​ Mr. Cupina is thoroughly familiar with the Commission's licensing and certification process improvements embodied in the Integrated Licensing Process (ILP) for hydroelectric projects and the Pre-Filing Process (PF) for natural gas and electric transmission projects. They are based on three essential components: early identification and resolution of issues by stakeholders, coincident rather than sequential action by the myriad agencies involved using a single administrative record, and meeting specific, predictable milestones and overall processing timeframes. Compared to the traditional approaches, these processes place a premium on flexibility and collaboration. Mr. Cupina has been a tireless advocate for expediting the process and enhancing the quality of deliverables throughout his career. ​ Mr. Cupina educational background includes: MPA Public Management, George Mason University BS Technology Management, University of Maryland SMG, Harvard Kennedy School of Government Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Pennsylvania State University CV and Summary of Testimony Experience

Alan R. Lovinger MBA Accounting Mr. Lovinger has more than forty five years experience in the energy field. He was employed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission from July 1976 through February 1998, when he left to join BWMQ. As a Staff Accountant, he specialized in cost of service matters with an emphasis on income tax matters. Mr. Lovinger gained knowledge in the income tax field through employment with the Internal Revenue Service as an Internal Revenue Agent for more than six years. ​ Mr. Lovinger provided expert testimony on accounting and accounting-related policy matters before the Commission. He also provided expert testimony on tax matters before the Commission and has provided accounting and tax advice and assistance on projects involving construction of facilities to serve new or expanded markets. Mr. Lovinger was involved in the Commission’s activities on such matters as competition, restructuring, stranded costs and market based rates. ​ Mr. Lovinger has represented the Commission in dealings with the Internal Revenue Service on income tax issues that arose in various rate proceedings. He also assisted the Commission on rulemakings for such cost of service matters as tax normalization, cash working capital and Post Retirement Benefits other than Retirement. ​ Mr. Lovinger received a B.S. in Business Administration with a major in management from Bryant College, Rhode Island, in 1965 and did graduate work at Texas Tech University majoring in Accounting. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

FEATURED EXPERTISE Natural Gas Act Section 4 and 5 Rate Case Support and Testimony Continue Brown, Williams, Moorhead & Quinn, Inc. (BWMQ) is a nationally recognized energy consulting firm. We offer technical, economic, and policy assistance to the various segments of the natural gas pipeline industry, oil pipeline industry and electric utility industry on business and regulatory matters. More About Us EXPERTISE BWMQ provides its clients with professional and technical support covering a wide range of regulatory, policy, economic and rate making issues facing market participants in the energy industry, concentrating on interactions with FERC and state regulatory commissions. More Info CONSULTANTS BWMQ's team of experts provides analytical expertise and advocacy on behalf of clients across a wide range of energy issues. More Info INDUSTRIES BWMQ provides consulting services to all segments of the natural gas, electric transmission, and petroleum industries, including natural gas pipelines, local gas distributors, marketing entities, producers, end users, government entities and trade organizations. More Info CONTACT US For General Inquiries, please e-mail us at Inquiry@bwmq.com , or use the contact form located to the right. ​ Primary Contact - David Haag, CEO P.O. Box 10 Sunderland, MD 20689-0010 Inquiry@bwmq.com Tel: (202) 775-8994 ​ Enter Your Name Enter Your Email Phone Company Enter Your Subject Choose an option Choose an option Submit Thanks for submitting! contact

Highlighted Services Although BWMQ offers clients a variety of services and guidance, some of our most popular services include: Cost-Based Rates Brown Williams can assist in the development of fully allocated rate models which bring together the myriad of costs into a single interrelated cost and revenue study suitable for section 4 filings and section 5 responses. Some areas include: Establishing Rate Base Allocation and Rate Design Setting Return on Equity Calculating Cost of Debt Estimating Terminal Decommissioning Setting Depreciation Rates Deriving Corporate Taxes Functionalizing Costs Market-Based Rates To gain FERC approval to charge market-based rates, an applicant must file a detailed market power study demonstrating that it lacks market power and that its customers have sufficient alternatives or that it can mitigate its market power. BWMQ has been at the forefront of market-based rate design and participated in litigated FERC proceedings involving market-based rate applications for both pipelines and storage facilities. BWMQ can provide an initial market power study to help the client determine whether it is likely that market-based rates can be justified, and follow through with the documentation and persuasive reports to support its client’s needs. Natural Gas Storage & Hub Services Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation Services Natural Gas Liquids Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Rates BWMQ has wide experience in all facets of crude oil and refined product pipelines rate matters, including cost of service, rate design, federal and state taxes, and prudency issues. Annual Indexing Cost of Service Oil Ratemaking Methodologies Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Trended Original Cost Intrastate Filings BWMQ supports intrastate entities seeking to provide interstate transportation and/or storage services using either state-approved rates or cost of service rates. Hinsaw Pipeliens Statement of Operating Conditions Intrastate Applications Electric Transmission Rates BWMQ assists clients working under RTO, ISO, or TRANSCO structures to craft tariff provisions, develop transmission pricing parameters, and power sales. Congestion Management Zonal/Grid Rates Ancillary Services Revenue Allocations Grid Expansion Costs Treatment of Pre-Exiting Agreements

Alex Kirk Mathematician Economist Mr. Kirk holds a B.S. in Mathematics and Economics from Linfield College, and a Masters in Economics from the University of Washington, with a focus in econometrics and natural resources. Since joining BWMQ in 2007, Mr. Kirk has testified on issues involving natural gas supply and demand, pipeline competition, and cost-of-service levelization for natural gas pipeline rate cases. At BWMQ, Mr. Kirk has also assisted clients with storage and pipeline market-based rate applications, economic life determination for natural gas pipelines, business risk, rate design and both traditional and levelized cost-of-service modeling. ​ Prior to joining BWMQ full-time, Mr. Kirk was an instructor for Principles of Microeconomics and Natural Resource Economics courses at the University of Washington. Mr. Kirk also participated in environmental tort litigation consulting with Greenfield Advisors, and economic analysis at the Oregon Economic and Community Development Department. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

Industries Natural Gas BWMQ has provided regulatory and financial assistance to its clients during every phase of the evolution of the natural gas marketplace from Order No. 436 to Order Nos. 636 and 637 to today’s Order No. 678, in which the FERC allows market-based rates for qualifying storage facilities. Today, the industry confronts new challenges: filings for market-based rates, unsubscribed capacity on existing pipelines, new Section 4 and 5 rate case proceedings, recovery of new pipeline safety costs, pipeline industry ownership structure, evolving picture of natural gas’ traditional supply areas, gas/electric coordination, new LNG export facilities with attendant impacts and existing infrastructure. ​ The new circumstances within the gas industry present both challenges and opportunities for nimble industry participants. BWMQ can help secure those opportunities and meet the challenges of its clients through its traditional regulatory and rate case services and also with transactional services such as assistance in structuring gas and financial transactions or in developing new infrastructure projects. BWMQ has the personnel, tools and expertise to assist by testifying in legal or regulatory forums, developing a cost recovery plan, evaluating cost of capital, advising on how to structure aspects of a client’s accounting or the financing, preparing a regulatory application or identifying the impacts of the regulatory principles that should be employed in the regulatory context under evaluation. Electric Transmission BWMQ has extensive experience in the electric transmission industry, including open-access transmission tariffs, rate design, ancillary services, traditional cost of service, nontraditional pricing methods (e.g., opportunity cost, incremental cost, incentive/disincentive rates, and market-based rates), terms and conditions of service, and transmission pricing strategies. ​ BWMQ has advised utilities on the application of the FERC's 7-factor test and on retail wheeling tariff revisions incorporated into a utility's Open Access Transmission Tariff; presented testimony in state restructuring proceedings on retail delivery services tariffs and associated cost-of-service analyses; testified at FERC on appropriate rates for reliability must-run generation; preparing load pocket tariffs, and assistance including testimony on pricing impacts of a proposed electric utility mergers. ​ BWMQ provides assistance to a large number of clients in understanding transmission issues associated with FERC's Open-Access Transmission, notices of proposed rulemaking, development of transmission pricing strategies, drafting transmission and power sales tariffs, preparation of cost of service analyses and testimony in support of transmission and ancillary services rate filings, and assisting in developing strategy for litigation and settlement negotiations. Petroleum BWMQ provides a wide range of services to the oil pipeline sector of the energy industry, which faces unique laws, regulations and industry conditions. While some cost of service issues are similar to those in the natural gas pipeline industry, many crude and refined products lines have aspects unknown to the gas world. BWMQ’s clients include pipeline operators as well as shippers, refiners, and marketers. ​ BWMQ staff consultants have extensive experience in oil work from offshore Texas to the North Slope of Alaska. BWMQ’s familiarity with the opinion 154B methodology, grandfathered rates, and “changed circumstance” thresholds is second to none. BWMQ is noted for its work on the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) rate methodology and its DR&R studies regarding the ultimate dismantlement, removal, and restoration of the facilities.

Public Utility Advisory Services BWMQ advises clients across a wide range of economic and regulatory subjects helping to guide decision-making prior to Commission filings and acquisitions. Cost-Based Rates Brown Williams can assist in the development of fully allocated rate models which bring together the myriad of costs into a single interrelated cost and revenue study suitable for section 4 filings and section 5 responses. Some areas include: Establishing Rate Base Allocation and Rate Design Setting Return on Equity Calculating Cost of Debt Estimating Terminal Decommissioning Setting Depreciation Rates Deriving Corporate Taxes Functionalizing Costs Market-Based Rates To gain FERC approval to charge market-based rates, an applicant must file a detailed market power study demonstrating that it lacks market power and that its customers have sufficient alternatives or that it can mitigate its market power. BWMQ has been at the forefront of market-based rate design and participated in litigated FERC proceedings involving market-based rate applications for both pipelines and storage facilities. BWMQ can provide an initial market power study to help the client determine whether it is likely that market-based rates can be justified, and follow through with the documentation and persuasive reports to support its client’s needs. Natural Gas Storage & Hub Services Natural Gas Pipeline Transportation Services Natural Gas Liquids Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Transportation Services Oil Pipeline Rates BWMQ has wide experience in all facets of crude oil and refined product pipelines rate matters, including cost of service, rate design, federal and state taxes, and prudency issues. Annual Indexing Cost of Service Oil Ratemaking Methodologies Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Trended Original Cost Intrastate Filings BWMQ supports intrastate entities seeking to provide interstate transportation and/or storage services using either state-approved rates or cost of service rates. Hinsaw Pipeliens Statement of Operating Conditions Intrastate Applications Electric Transmission Rates BWMQ assists clients working under RTO, ISO, or TRANSCO structures to craft tariff provisions, develop transmission pricing parameters, and power sales. Congestion Management Zonal/Grid Rates Ancillary Services Revenue Allocations Grid Expansion Costs Treatment of Pre-Exiting Agreements

Jeff C. Wright Economist Mr. Wright has over 35 years of experience in the natural gas pipeline, storage and LNG industries. He has testified as a leading energy expert before the House Energy & Commerce Committee, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, Senate Committee on Energy & Natural Resources, as well as the House Natural Resources Committee, Subcommittee on Water and Power. Mr. Wright also represented the U.S. Government/Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in presentations on federal siting procedures to numerous foreign delegations, including but not limited to, Russia, India, Indonesia, Singapore and Mexico. Mr. Wright also met regularly with his regulatory counterparts in Canada and Mexico. ​ Prior to joining BWMQ, Mr. Wright was the Director of the Office of Energy Projects at the FERC from 2009 to 2015. Prior to becoming Director, Mr. Wright served as the office's Deputy Director from 2007 to 2009. Mr. Wright's career at FERC spanned 35 years of increasing responsibility. Mr. Wright worked on many of the important interstate pipeline, storage and LNG infrastructure projects during his career at FERC. Mr. Wright supervised the analysis and subsequent approval of all natural gas pipeline facilities between 2007 and 2015; including 79.8 Bcf per day of pipeline capacity, 5,789 miles of pipeline, 3.8 million horsepower of compression at an estimated cost of $38 billion; 775 Bcf of Storage capacity, 28.5 Bcf per day of deliverability, and 729,819 horsepower of compression; and five LNG export terminals with a combined liquefaction capacity of 9.2 Bcf per day. Mr. Wright oversaw the authority to site interstate electric transmission facilities under the Energy Policy Act of 2005. ​ During his tenure with the FERC, Mr. Wright directed a staff of 340 technical professionals responsible for analyzing applications to construct and operate natural gas pipelines, natural gas storage, and liquefied natural gas terminals (for the export and/or import of natural gas); licensing non-federal hydroelectric projects, the administration and compliance with the licenses, and the safety of the dams under the agency's authority; and, overseeing the authority to site interstate electric transmission facilities under the Energy Policy Act of 2005. ​ Mr. Wright has a Master of Business Administration from the University of Maryland, December 1989. Member of Business Honor Society. He also has a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from the College of William and Mary, May 1979. CV and Summary of Managed Cases

Kevin H. Lange Vice President Brown, Williams, Moorhead & Quinn, Inc. is pleased to announce that Mr. Kevin H. Lange has joined BWMQ as a Vice President as of November, 2022. Mr. Lange will lead the terminal decommissioning and negative salvage practice at BWMQ, including the analysis of terminal decommissioning costs, negative salvage and general pipeline operations. ​ Mr. Lange is a seasoned Professional Engineer, with over twenty-eight years of utility design and construction, storm water management, project management, highway design and construction management, utility and roadway estimating experience both in the U.S. and overseas. Immediately prior to joining BWMQ, Mr. Lange served as Vice President / Project Director for Grade Line Engineering & Construction, LLC. His responsibilities included all day-to-day operations of construction activities, including both project management and engineering services for utility line installations of new water, sanitary and bio retentions, as well as roadway improvements. CV and Summary of Managed Cases